The impact of soil’s different nutritional methods on the chemical attributes of the soil, density and absorption of the elements by the Silybum marianum

ABSTRACT: Although application of fertilizers can promote plant quality and yield performances, it has been shown that these industrial compounds, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can also induce negative impact that could effect directly and indirectly on biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The of these activity in long term caused alterative in soil which ruining soil structure and texture that decrease soil productivity. An experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Shahidchamran University at 2009-2010 with 18 treatment and 3 replications. Experimental design was split plot on RCBD arrangement. Main plot was sowing dates in 3 levels (14Nov, 1 Dec, 15 Dec) and sub plot was different Fertilization levels at six levels includes: F1: control, F2:100% chemical Fertilizer (100- 120-150 kg/ha NPK), F3: %25 organic Fertilizer + %75 chemical Fertilizer (75-90-112.5 kg/ha NPK + 7.5 ton/ha animal manure), F4: %50 organic Fertilizer + %50 chemical Fertilizer (50-60-75 kg/ha NPK + 15 ton/ha animal manure), F5: %75 organic Fertilizer + %25 chemical Fertilizer (25-30-37.5 kg/ha NPK + 22.5 ton/ha animal manure), F6: %100 organic Fertilizer (30 ton/ha animal manure). The result showed that soil fertilizing methods had significant effect on soil nitrogen percent, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, pH and Electrical conductivity. F6 treatment increased potassium content until (until 310 mg/kg), organic carbon (1.27%) and decreased soil EC until 0.97 ds/m. also, F5 treatment had highest phosphorus content (46.4 mg/kg) and soil total nitrogen content ( 0.083%). F2 treatment decreased soil pH by 7.3. while F1treatment had the lowest rate of this trait. But this treatment had highest pH and EC. soil fertilizing systems had significant effect on shoot phosphorus and nitrogen content. But not for shoot potassium uptake. The highest shoot nitrogen (%1.53) was related to the third sowing date (15 Dec). The lowest shoot phosphorus (182.5 mg/kg) was related to this treatment. The result showed that the highes grain yield was resulted to 1 Dec(2175 kg/ha) sowing date. Late sowing date has lower grain yield. Fertilizing systems had significant effect on grain yield. The highest grain yield (2422 &2408 kg/ha) were obtained by treatments 100% chemical Fertilizer and %75 organic Fertilizer + %25 chemical Fertilizer respectively.