1,1-Dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium-smectites as a novel adsorbent of phenols from water through chargetransfer interactions

The adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol onto the 1,1ʹ-dimethyl-4,4ʹ-bipyridinium-saponite, a smectite group of clay minerals, from dilute aqueous solution occurred effectively through charge-transfer interactions and such interactions resulted in the change in the color of the 1,1ʹ-dimethyl-4,4ʹ-bipyridinium-saponite.