Population, Tenure, and Natural Resource Management: The Case of Customary Land Area in Malawi

This paper analyzes the factors determining conversion of woodlands to agricultural land, changes in tree cover, and maize yield for the last two and a half decades by using aerial photos and field survey data in 57 communities in Malawi. The econometric analysis revealed that population pressure led to greater land conversion but had no effect on yield or tree cover changes. Areas where greater changes in traditional tenure systems have occurred are associated with reduction in tree cover and expansion of agricultural land. These results suggest the importance of strengthening institutions to manage natural resources.