Physical resuspension and vertical mixing of sediments on a high energy continental margin (Sydney, Australia)

Four sediment cores from the continental margin adjacent to Sydney were analyzed for 210Pb, 137Cs, trace metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), iron, dry bulk density, mud and moisture content. The concentrations of trace metals in the total sediment are low at all sites, although slightly elevated concentrations of Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn are present in the fine fraction of sediment (<62.5 μm) near a major ocean outfall. Concentrations of trace metals in the fine fraction of sediment are similar in the upper 10–15 cm, indicating strong vertical mixing of the sediments, whereas an upward coarsening grain size in the upper 1–3 cm of sediment supports physical resuspension during storms. Sediment accumulation rates on the middle shelf adjacent to Sydney were estimated from downcore profiles of 210Pb and 137Cs and range between 0.2 and 0.4 cm yr−1. Although the mass fluxes of Cu, Pb and Zn within a distance of 2 km from the outfall (up to 36.1, 30.8 and 86.2 μg cm−2 yr−1, respectively) are greater than 20 km north of the outfall (<23.5 μg cm−2 yr−1), the low concentrations of trace metals in sediments near the outfall support an efficient dispersal of anthropogenic contaminants on this continental margin.