Individual differences in age and self-efficacy in the unemployed

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of age in influencing the relationships among general selfefficacy, proactive attitude, and proactive coping in unemployed people. The sample consisted of 55 male and 49 female unemployed Australians participating in Job Search Training courses. They completed the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale, the Proactive Attitude (PA) Scale, and the Proactive Coping (PC) Scale. The GSE, PA, and PC scores were found to be correlated, and a moderating effect for age was found on the relationship between PA and GSE. Regression analysis indicated that the moderation process could be explained by a mediating effect of PC. The results are discussed in terms of social learning theory, and implications are drawn regarding customisation of training programs for the unemployed.