Ecotoxicological evaluation of the biocidal agents sodium o-phenylphenol, sodium o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, and sodium p-tertiary amylphenol

The ecotoxicological effects of three biocidal agents frequently employed as active ingredients in phenolic-based disinfectants were evaluated using a test battery comprising of organisms representing three aquatic trophic levels. Phenolic-based disinfectants are commonly used by mushroom growers to disinfect spent mushroom compost. In general, the most sensitive assay used in this study was the Microtox test. In the case of the fish lethality assay, sodium o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol was found to be slightly more sensitive than the bacterial test system. The freshwater alga and invertebrate tests were also among the most sensitive test species employed. The active ingredient, sodium o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (with the exception of the Microtox assay), was the most toxic chemical tested on each species. The majority of ecotoxicity data obtained in this research has not been previously reported and may therefore assist in the management and planning decisions regarding the application of pesticides and utilisation of SMC.