Distribution of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in soil samples from a small scale industrial area of Lucknow, North India, associated with lindane production

Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and δ-HCH) were studied in soils samples collected from a small scale industrial unit of Lucknow associated with lindane production. All four isomers were detected from ten sites and the total HCH isomers in the analyzed samples varied from 53 to 99 mg kg−1. Cluster analysis was performed to group the soil sites in terms of their HCH contamination level. Low α/γ HCH ratios were found and they indicate recent input of HCH. There is an urgent need for the on-site remediation of these contaminated sites in order to prevent the long-term environmental pollution.