Analysis of Rapid Alternating Movements in Cree Subjects Exposed to Methylmercury and in Subjects with Neurological Deficits

To quantify rapid alternating movements (RAMs) we used a simple prototype developed in our laboratory that requires the subject to rotate two hand-held foam spheres connected to optical encoders via flexible rods. Ninety-six participants, including 30 control subjects, 36 Cree subjects exposed to methylmercury, 21 subjects with Parkinsonʹs disease, 6 subjects with cerebellar deficits, and 3 subjects with essential tremor, were involved in the study (though data for 5 were later removed). Twelve characteristics were developed and calculated from the raw data. Conditions examined included two hands at natural cadence (NC2), right and left hands separately at fast cadence (FCl), and both hands at fast cadence (FC2). Two ratios (FC2/NC2) and (FC2/FC1) combining these conditions were also examined. Test–retest reliability was >0.80 for most characteristics but was <0.70 for some characteristics, especially in the conditions executed at normal cadence. Correlations between characteristics and numbers of outliers with respect to the control group distribution were used to reduce the set of characteristics from 12 to 7 (i.e., duration, range, maximum slope, similarity in shape, smoothness, sharpness, and coherence). ANOVAs on the three largest groups generated significant results for most characteristics in the three conditions and the two ratios for Cree subjects and subjects with Parkinsonʹs disease. ANOVAs on 3 age-matched groups (n=6) suggest that methylmercury affects the performance of the Cree subjects with the higher exposure, especially in terms of smoothness, sharpness, and coherence. These preliminary results suggest that this test is sufficiently specific and sensitive to characterize the performance of different groups of subjects. Ratios tend to improve discrimination for Cree subjects in a few characteristics but not for patients with Parkinsonʹs disease.