Biomonitoring of airborne mercury with perennial ryegrass cultures

A biomonitoring network with grass cultures was established near a chlor-alkali plant and the mercury concentration in the cultures were compared with the average atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM). Biomonitoring techniques based on different exposure periods were carried out. When comparing the mercury concentration in the grass cultures, both the average atmospheric TGM concentration during exposure and the exposure time determined to a large extent the accumulation rate of TGM. The maximum tolerable level of mercury in grass ( 110 μg kg−1 DM) corresponds with an average TGM concentration of 11 ng m−3 for 28 days exposure. The background concentrations in grass were on an average 15 μg kg−1 DM and the effect detection limit (EDL) was 30 μg kg−1 DM. This value corresponds with an average TGM concentration of 3.2 and 4.2 ng m−3 for 28 and 14 days exposure, respectively, which is in turn the biological detection limit (BDL) of ambient TGM. Exposures for 7 days were less appropriate for biomonitoring.