The PCB pollution of Lake Iseo (N. Italy) and the role of biomagnification in the pelagic food web

Several models of varying complexity have been used to predict pollutant concentrations in the higher levels of the food web from those in lower levels, but the role of the biomagnification process in aquatic food chains is still controversial. We used the fugacity-based approach to verify the transfer of PCBs through the pelagic food chain of Lake Iseo (N. Italy), sampling several zebra mussel specimens and some fish belonging of different trophic levels. The zebra mussel seems to be a suitable starting species for modelling the bioaccumulation process through the trophic web, not only because its physiological characteristics and population size do not change much with time (as do algae and zooplankton) but also because it takes up toxicants exclusively from the water, as shown by the application of two predictive trophic models commonly used. The data provided by one of those models were in good agreement with our experimental data on fish in Lake Iseo, that show a not negligible uptake from food for the top predator species (pike and perch) with an increase of about three times in comparison with the PCB levels measured in the zebra mussel specimens.