Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and Soxhlet extraction for the determination of PCBs in seaweed samples

The efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction for the determination of 12 polychlorinated biphenyls from algae samples is compared to Soxhlet extraction. Analytical detection limits for the individual congeners ranged from 0.62 μg l−1 to 19 μg l−1. Recovery was tested for both methods using standard addition procedure. At maximum spike level of concentration, the mean recoveries were not significantly different (P > 0.05) of all PCBs studied, with the exception of PCBs 28, 52, 77 and 169. Method precision for Soxhlet extraction (less-than-or-equals, slant3.9%) was slightly better than for SFE (less-than-or-equals, slant9.2%). Although both methods yield comparable results, SFE offers the advantage of detecting all PCBs studied at lower concentrations, reducing extraction time, and reducing the amount of solvents needed. The optimized methods were applied to the analysis of three real seaweed samples, except for PCB101 the concentrations of all PCBs were low or below the detection limits. The levels of PCB101 found in sample 1 were 6.6 ± 0.54 ng g−1 d.w., in sample 2 the levels were 8.2 ± 0.86 ng g−1 d.w. and in sample 3 they were 7.7 ± 0.08 ng g−1 d.w.