Influence of planning and design on soil compaction in construction sites

The influence of planning and design on soil compaction was analysed at 17 construction sites randomly selected in the suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. Soil compaction was estimated by bulk densities, and sampling sites were located inside and outside construction areas. Bulk densities were taken at the soil surface and down to a depth of 1.0 m at 0.1 -m intervals. Organising and planning inputs at construction sites were assessed by studying work specifications, supported by subsequent interviews. On the basis of this classification, it was determined whether or not planning and design had an influence on soil compaction in planting areas. Unexpectedly, no significant differences regarding soil compaction were found between types of contracting, whether landscape architects were involved or not, or between different qualities of work specifications. The absence of differences is believed to be caused by unintended soil compaction, which is a result of construction site traffic occurring on areas not meant for traffic, i.e., areas meant for planting. To prevent unintended soil compaction, it is suggested that the entire construction area be divided into zones. Zoning will control the construction traffic patterns more efficiently. Landscape planning, design and specifications should be carried out with respect to these zones.