The performance of a gas and aerosol monitoring system (GAMS) for the determination of acidic water soluble organic and inorganic gases and ammonia as well as related particles from the atmosphere

A new application of the quasi-simultaneous gas/particle phase sampling and analysis principle first proposed by Simon and Dasgupta (Anal. Chem. 34 (1995) 71) is described. For the first time, a gradient chromatograph is used in connection with such a sampling system to allow the simultaneous determination of major organic (formic, acetic, propionic, oxalic, malonic and succinic) and inorganic (SO2, HNO2, HNO3, HCl and H2F2) acidic gases and related particles. Another addition to the previous systems is the analysis of cations other than ammonium from the particulate phase. The time resolution of the instrument still remains high, 1 h, during which gaseous water-soluble acidic compounds, ammonia, as well as related anionic particles and inorganic major cations are analysed. Sampling is based on diffusion in a wetted parallel plate denuder for gases and on growth in supersaturated water vapour for particles. The determination limits range from 2 ppt (acetate) to 0.4 ppb (ammonia) in the gas phase and 0.01 μg m−3 (citric acid) to 0.79 μg m−3 (calcium) for particulate matter. Collection efficiencies for gas and aerosol sampling were quantified and the supersaturation in the aerosol sampling apparatus investigated. The system has been used for field measurements at a background station; selected results of these measurements are presented.