Identification of selected hydrophobic organic contaminants in wastewater with semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)

A preliminary test of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as simple and robust substitutes for automatic sampling for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in wastewater is reported. The SPMD sampler allows for time integrated sampling of HOCs from 24 h to 6 days. The concentration of analytes in SPMDs reflects the concentrations measured in the water phase. SPMDs may be used for screening and preliminary identification of emission sources in wastewater systems