Sorption kinetic analysis for the removal of cadmium ions from effluents using bone char

The adsorption of cadmium ions onto bone char has been studied using a batch adsorber. The experimental data was analyzed using four sorption kinetic models-the pseudo-first order, the Ritchie second order, the modified second order and the Elovich equations-to determine the best-fit equation for the sorption of metal ions onto bone char. The best-fit equation was identified using the sum of the errors squared (SSE). Finally, equilibrium studies were used to evaluate the sorption capacity of bone char for cadmium ions and experimental results showed this to be 0.57 mmol g−1 at an equilibrium solution concentration of 3.0 mmol dm−3. Since the sorption capacity is relatively high, bone char can be considered as a suitable sorbent for the adsorption of cadmium in wastewater treatment systems.