Use of semi-permeable membrane devices and solid-phase extraction for the wide-range screening of microcontaminants in surface water by GC-AED/MS

An automated GC-MS-based screening method was developed for over 400 industrial, agrochemical and household chemicals. Extracted ion chromatograms were used and the method was aimed at creating a minimum number of false positives. The compound polarity range usually associated with solid-phase extraction was extended to include very apolar, bioaccumulative, compounds by using the complementary semi-permeable membrane device technique. Real-life samples were taken at four locations in the main Dutch river systems and one in an agricultural area. Some 150 compounds were detected in the low-ng/l to low-μg/l range. Next to the target compounds, several brominated and chlorinated non-target compounds were detected by means of GC with atomic emission detection and tentatively identified using mass spectral library searching.