How strong is natural selection?

The strength of selection in nature has long been a controversial subject, partly because there were few quantitative measurements of phenotypic selection available until recently. In a new paper, Kingsolver and colleagues reviewed 63 studies and found that the median standardized directional selection gradient (a measure of the strength of phenotypic selection) was 0.16. Whether this means selection in nature is strong or weak depends both on oneʹs point of view and on the error in selection estimates.