Adaptive Topography in Fertility-Viability Selection Models: The Haplodiploid Case

A linear combination of partial changes of mean fitnesses from one generation to the next one is shown to be approximately equal to the additive genetic variance in fitness after enough generations and away from equilibrium in random mating haplodiploid populations under arbitrary weak frequency-dependent selection on sex-differentiated viability of individuals and sex-differentiated fertility of matings controlled at a single multiallelic locus. The result can be applied to X-linked locus models in diploid populations. The result is used to deduce approximate adaptive topographies far frequency-independent selection models in the cases of nonsex-differentiated fertilities and multiplicative sex-differentiated fertilities and for kin selection models in family-structured populations under the assumptions of single insemination and multiple insemination of females. Multiple insemination creates frequency-dependent selection regimes.