The impact of acceleration/deceleration on travel-time models in class-based automated S/R systems

The travel time models of Automated Storage and Retrieval systems (AS/RS) machines under randomized storage proposed by Chang et al. (IIE Transactions, 27(1), 108–111, 1995), which consider the speed profiles in real-world applications, are extended in this paper. In the present study, travel time models are proposed that consider various travel speeds with known acceleration and deceleration rates. Compact forms of expected travel times under the class-based storage assignment and full-turnover-based storage assignment have been determined. The results show that both the proposed exponential travel time model and the adjusted exponential model perform satisfactorily and could be useful tools for designing an AS/RS in real-world applications.