The molecular basis of copper-transport diseases

Copper (Cu) is a potentially toxic yet essential element. , a copper deficiency disorder, and , a copper toxicosis condition, are two human genetic disorders, caused by mutations of two closely related Cu-transporting ATPases. Both molecules efflux copper from cells. Quite diverse clinical phenotypes are produced by different mutations of these two Cu-transporting proteins. The understanding of copper homeostasis has become increasingly important in clinical medicine as the metal could be involved in the pathogenesis of some important neurological disorders such as Alzheimerʹs disease, motor neurone diseases and prion diseases.