Kaposiʹs sarcoma as a model for cancer immunotherapy

Physicians have, for over a century, attempted to harness the potential therapeutic power of the immune system to treat patients with cancer. The discovery that cancer regression can be achieved by immune rejection of tumour antigens theoretically allows the eradication of neoplastic cells without toxicity to normal tissues. An understanding of the mode of presentation of tumour antigens, including those complexed to heat shock proteins by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, and their recognition by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively, has further delineated the potential cancer rejection pathways involved. This also enables the sustained induction and expansion of specific anti-tumour T cells with cytolytic activity.