Novel 3,5-diaryl pyrazolines and pyrazole as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor

Compounds 4a–j and 5 were synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3a–j and hydrazine and showed significant LDL-antioxidant activities in the TBARS assay, the lag time of conjugated diene production, the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of ox-LDL, the apoB-100 fragmentation, and the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. Among compounds 4a–j and 5, 4a was found to be the most active compound as an inhibitor of LDL oxidation and 4a (IC50 = 0.1 μM) was 6-fold more potent than probucol (IC50 = 0.6 μM) in the TBARS assay.