Radiofrequency ablation of tachyarrhythmias in patients with Ebsteinʹs anomaly

We performed radiofrequency catheter ablation in five patients associated with Ebsteinʹs anomaly to cure their refractory tachyarrhythmias. The presenting arrhythmias were four cases of orthodromic circus movement tachycardia using accessory pathways as a requisite limb, including one case of a Mahaim fiber and one of atrial flutter of common variety. All accessory pathways, including the Mahaim fiber, were ablated by RF energy delivered through the catheter placed at the AV annulus rather than the displaced anatomical AV groove. Interestingly, the antegrade or retrograde conduction interval over these accessory pathways was relatively longer than that of usual accessory pathways, and the accessory pathway potential was fractionated in some cases. The location of the atrioventricular node was displaced from the usual position to the postero-inferior area of Kochʹs triangle in one case. The configuration of the flutter wave was larger than usual in height as well as in width. All tachyarrhythmias were cured by RF catheter ablation. In the case of RF catheter ablation for patients with Ebsteinʹs anomaly, close attention is indispensable in order to accomplish it safely and successfully, because of the anatomical and functional differences peculiar to Ebsteinʹs anomaly.