Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with atrial septal aneurysm

Atrial septal aneurysms (ASA) are not uncommonly detected in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and pose problems during transeptal puncture in patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy. From a period of August 1995 to May 1998, we performed a total of 680 Inoue Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (IBMV) procedures with ASA noted in 30 patients, 13 of diffuse and 17 localized type. Transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was used in all patients with suspected aneurysm on transthoracic echo (TTE) for exact three-dimensional delineation of the location and extent of the aneurysm. The localized type of aneurysms were further subcategorized into five types viz. antero-superior and leftwards (6), postero-superior and rightwards (2), antero-inferior and leftwards (2), postero-inferior and rightwards (5), and central (2), depending on their location in the atrial septum. The site for transeptal puncture was decided after this localization and the remainder of the IBMV procedure was as usual. In the set of thirteen patients with diffuse type of atrial septal aneurysms all but one case had a successful transeptal puncture using standard technique except for a somewhat inferior puncture site so as to be perpendicular to the plane of atrial septum and a successful mitral valve dilatation was possible at first attempt. In the set of 17 patients with localized type of aneurysms, all had a successful transeptal puncture except one. In patients with aneurysms localized antero-superiorly and leftwards the septal puncture was done in a slightly inferior location with transeptal needle pointing some what more posterior, i.e. 5 or 6 o’clock position and in patients with aneurysms localized postero-inferiorly the puncture was done more cephalic with needle directed somewhat anterior, i.e. 3–2 o’clock position. In the two patients with Atrial septal aneurysms located postero-superiorly and to the right the puncture was done slightly inferior but with transeptal needle pointing to about 3 or 2 o’clock position and in the single patient with antero-inferior location the puncture was done in slightly higher but with a more posterior directed needle, i.e. 5–6 o’clock position. The two patients with centrally located localized type of aneurysms had successful transeptal puncture with standard needle direction (4 o’clock) but at a slightly inferior location. We conclude that a good localization of atrial septal aneurysms using transesophageal echocardiography and our technique of transeptal puncture leads to a successful outcome in majority of cases undergoing Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy with associated atrial septal aneurysms.