Lack of regeneration of myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans with large anterior myocardial infarctions

Background Experimental and preliminary clinical data suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells (BMC) may contribute to regeneration of the myocardium after acute myocardial infarction. This approach should be tested in patients with large infarctions in whom a positive effect would be most beneficial. Methods and results After successful recanalization within 5.9±2.5 h and stent implantation in five patients with a large acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), the patients received autologous mononuclear BMCs via a balloon catheter placed into the left anterior descending artery 6.3±0.4 days after revascularization. At 3-month follow-up, no improvement was observed for left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion in the infarcted zone, contractility index measured via dobutamine stress echocardiography, coronary blood flow reserve and maximal oxygen uptake, respectively. After further follow-up of 12 months, again no change of the left ventricular ejection fraction could be detected. Conclusions Intracoronary transplantation of autologous mononuclear BMCs did not improve cardiac function in our patients with large anterior myocardial infarctions after 3 and 12 months.