Grain growth kinetic in xTiO2–6 wt.% Bi2O3–(94 – x) ZnO (x=0, 2, 4) ceramic system

The grain growth kinetics in the 0, 2 and 4 wt.% TiO2 added ZnO–6 wt.% Bi2O3 system was studied using the simplified phenomenological grain growth kinetics equation Gn ¼ k t expð Q=R TÞ together with the physical properties of the sintered samples. The grain growth exponent value (n) and the apparent activation energy for the ZnO–6 wt.% Bi2O3 system was 5 and 218 kJ/ mol, respectively. The addition of the TiO2 to the ZnO–6 wt.% Bi2O3 system inhibited the ZnO grain growth. At 2 and 4 wt.% TiO2 additions, the apparent activation energies were calculated as 467 and 346 kJ/ mol, respectively. The addition of TiO2 to the system inhibited the grain growth of ZnO ceramics.