The structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods via citric acid-assisted annealing route

ZnO nanorods with diameters ranging from 25 to 88 nm and with length up to 1 lm were obtained via citric acid-assisted annealing route. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectrometer, FTIR spectrophotometer, ultraviolet visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It demonstrates that the sample is composed of ZnO with hexagonal structure and the ZnO nanorods are of excellent optical quality.