The status of juniper Juniperus communis L. in northeast England Original Research Article

Comprehensive surveys of juniper Juniperus communis L. colonies in north-east England (excluding the large stands of Upper Teesdale) were undertaken in 1973 and 1994. Data were compared from 83 sites to determine the extent of demographic change and confirm suspected trends in juniper populations across the region. The results of both surveys are presented for County Durham and Northumberland. There had been a 30% decline in the juniper population over the 21-year period. Losses of 36% and 24% were recorded for the two counties respectively; 54% of colonies in the region had declined while 16% had been lost completely. Extant colonies were small in terms of population size and overwhelmingly even-aged, being dominated by mature and old bushes, and there were very few indications of active natural regeneration. Most colonies were characterised by scattered individuals. The main factors thought to account for this decline are considered and measures to promote the conservation of juniper in north-east England are discussed.