Testing differential effects of computer-based, web-based and paper-based administration of questionnaire research instruments

Translation of questionnaire instruments to digital administration systems, both self-contained and web-based, is widespread and increasing daily. However, the literature is lean on controlled empirical studies investigating the potential for differential effects of administrative methods. In this study, two university student samples were administered 16 questionnaires across three separate administration conditions: paper-based, computer-based and webbased. Outcomes of interest included data quality and participant affect. Overall, few differences in data quality were observed between administration conditions despite some evidence in favour of paper-based administration (PBA) over the other two. Affective responses of participants favoured the PBA over web- and computer-based administrations. Implications for research use of digital systems for data collection are discussed