Abstract :
Life-cycle analysis is an invaluable tool for investigating the environmental profile of a product or technology from cradle to grave.
Such life-cycle analyses of energy technologies are essential, especially as material and energy flows are often interwoven, and divergent
emissions into the environment may occur at different life-cycle-stages. This approach is well exemplified by our description of material
and energy flows in four commercial PV technologies, i.e., mono-crystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicon, ribbon-silicon, and cadmium
telluride. The same life-cycle approach is applied to the balance of system that supports flat, fixed PV modules during operation. We also
discuss the life-cycle environmental metrics for a concentration PV system with a tracker and lenses to capture more sunlight per cell area
than the flat, fixed system but requires large auxiliary components. Select life-cycle risk indicators for PV, i.e., fatalities, injures, and maximum
consequences are evaluated in a comparative context with other electricity-generation pathways.
2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
