Investigating the Anomalous States of Knowledge Hypothesis in a Real-Life Problem Situation: A Study of History and Psychology Undergraduates Seeking Information for a Course Essay

The authors present a study of the real-life information needs of 59 McGill University undergraduates researching essay topics for either a history or psychology course, interviewed just after they had selected their essay topic. The interview’s purpose was to transform the undergraduate’s query from general topic terms, based on vague conceptions of their essay topic, to an information need-based query. To chart the transformation, the authors investigate N. J. Belkin, R. N. Oddy, and H. M. Brooks’Anomalous States of Knowledge (ASK) hypothesis (1982a, 1982b), which links the user’s ASK to a relevant document set via a common code based on structural facets. In the present study an interoperable structural code based on eight essay styles is created, then notions of structural facets compatible with a highimpact essay structure are presented. The important findings of the study are: (a) the undergraduates’topic statements and terms derived from it do not constitute an effective information need statement because for most of the subjects in the study the topic terms conformed to a low-impact essay style; (b) essay style is an effective interoperable structural code for charting the evolution of the undergraduate’s knowledge state from ASK to partial resolution of the ASK in an information need statement.