The influence of crystal electrical field on first- and second-order magnetic phase transition in Praseodymium intermetallics

In order to investigate the influence of crystal electrical field on determining the first- or second-order ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition, we have considered Praseodymium intermetallics systems Pr X2 (X=Al, Ni, Rh, Ru, Mg). Using a theoretical model which takes into account the crystal field and exchange interaction, we have studied in analytical form the Landau free energy as a function of the model parameters, that leads to a phase diagram, which permits to show that the existence of first- or second-order magnetic phase transitions is strongly related to the magnitude of crystal field and critical temperature.