Congestion of point-to-point mobile objects

Traffic congestion in point-to-point movement is studied using four simple traffic models. The four traffic models studied are movement between randomly chosen starting and destination points, back and forth movement between same two points, movement with preference of horizontal and vertical paths, and movement along shortest paths. The congestion properties of these traffic models are studied using computer simulation. It is found that the first and the third model has a sudden phase transition from free flow to jammed state at a critical system density, the second model has a gradual transition from free flow to jammed state, and the fourth model results in a simple deadlock. The phase transition properties and the critical densities are studied in detail. The emerging traffic jam patterns of the traffic models are also presented.