Cooperative Parrondoʹs games on a two-dimensional lattice

Cooperative Parrondoʹs games on a regular two-dimensional lattice are analyzed based on computer simulations and on the discrete-time Markov chain model with exact transition probabilities. The paradox appears in the vicinity of the probabilites characteristic of the “voter model”, suggesting practical applications. As in the one-dimensional case, winning and the occurrence of the paradox depend on the number of players.