Confronting next-leading BFKL kernels with proton structure function data Original Research Article

We propose a phenomenological study of the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) approach applied to the data on the proton structure function image measured at HERA in the small-image region. In a first part we use a simplified “effective kernel” approximation leading to few-parameter fits of image. It allows for a comparison between leading-logs (LO) and next-to-leading logs (NLO) BFKL approaches in the saddle-point approximation, using known resummed NLO-BFKL kernels. The NLO fits give a qualitatively satisfactory account of the running coupling constant effect but quantitatively the image remains sizeably higher than the LO fit at fixed coupling. In a second part, a comparison of theory and data through a detailed analysis in Mellin space image, leads to a more model independent approach to the resummed NLO-BFKL kernels we consider and points out some necessary improvements of the extrapolation at higher orders.