Non-linear integral equation and excited-states scaling functions in the sine-Gordon model Original Research Article

The NLIE (the non-linear integral equation equivalent to the Bethe ansatz equations for finite size) is generalized to excited states, that is states with holes and complex roots over the antiferromagnetic ground state. We consider the sine-Gordon/massive Thirring model (sG/mT) in a periodic box of length L using the light-cone approach, in which the sG/mT model is obtained as the continuum limit of an inhomogeneous six-vertex model. This NLIE is an useful starting point to compute the spectrum of excited states both analytically in the large L (perturbative) and small L (conformal) regimes as well as numerically. We derive the conformal weights of the Bethe states with holes and non-string complex roots (close and wide roots) in the UV limit. These weights agree with the Coulomb gas description, yielding a UV conformal spectrum related by duality to the IR conformal spectrum of the six-vertex model.