Forcing matching numbers of fullerene graphs Original Research Article

The forcing number or the degree of freedom of a perfect matching image of a graph image is the cardinality of the smallest subset of image that is contained in no other perfect matchings of image. In this paper we show that the forcing numbers of perfect matchings in a fullerene graph are not less than 3 by applying the 2-extendability and cyclic edge-connectivity 5 of fullerene graphs obtained recently, and Kotzig’s classical result about unique perfect matching as well. This lower bound can be achieved by infinitely many fullerene graphs.