On feedback resonant drift and interaction with the boundaries in circular and annular excitable media

Resonant drift has been proposed as a means of controlling cardiac arrhythmias. We study resonant drift in circular and annular media in which it is induced by (1) forcing at a fixed frequency, (2) feedback controlled by the orientation of the tip of the spiral wave, and (3) feedback controlled via monitoring the arrival of the wavefront at a recording point. Trapping resonantly drifting spirals by the holes, their freezing at a fixed site at the outer boundary or in contrast their detaching from the outer boundary produced by the interaction between the resonantly drifting spiral and holes and boundaries are described and explained.