Algorithm of Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinates to geodetic coordinates

The transformation between Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinates and geodetic coordinates is required in many applications. This correspondence presents an iterative approach using the Newton-Raphson (NR) method that has good efficiency and accuracy and is free from singularity and nonconvergence except in a small region near the center of the Earth. Comparisons with other well-known approximate methods are made in complexity and performance.