Next-to-leading order determination of the singlet axial charge and the polarized gluon content of the nucleon

We perform a full next-to-leading analysis of the the available experimental data on the polarized structure function g1 of the nucleon, and give a precise determination of its singlet axial charge together with a thorough assessment of the theoretical uncertainties. We find that the data are now sufficient to separately determine first moments of the polarized quark and gluon distributions, and show in particular that the gluon contribution is large and positive.