Instantons and the chiral phase transition

We examine the role of instantons in the zero-temperature chiral phase transition in an SU(N) gauge theory. For a range of Nf (the number of fermion flavors) depending on N, the theory exhibits an infrared fixed point at coupling α∗. As Nf decreases, α∗ increases, and it eventually exceeds a critical value sufficient to trigger chiral symmetry breaking. For the case N = 2, we estimate the critical values of Nf and α∗ due to instantons by numerically solving a gap equation with an instanton-generated kernel. We find instanton effects of strength comparable to that of gluon exchange.