Charmonium suppression in heavy ion collisions by prompt gluons

In relativistic heavy ion collisions, also the bremsstrahlung of gluons in the fragmentation regions of the nuclei suppresses the produced charmonium states. In the energy range of the SPS, the radiation of semi-hard gluons occurs in the Bethe-Heitler regime and the density of gluons and therefore the suppression goes like (AB)1/3, where A and B are the nucleon numbers of the projectile and target nuclei. In contrast, the suppression via collisions with nucleons is proportional to (A1/3+B1/3). Parameter free perturbative QCD calculations are in a good agreement with the data on J/Ψ and Ψ′ suppression in heavy ion collisions at SPS CERN. At higher energies (RHIC, LHC) the number of gluons which are able to break-up the charmonium substantially decreases and the additional suppression is expected to vanish.