Confinement and short distance physics

We consider non-perturbative effects at short distances in theories with confinement. The analysis is straightforward within the Abelian models in which the confinement arises on classical level. In all cases considered (compact U(1) in 3D and 4D, dual Abelian Higgs model) there are non-perturbative contributions associated with short distances which are due to topological defects. In QCD case, both classical and quantum effects determine the role of the topological defects and the theoretical analysis has not been completed so far. Generically, the topological defects would result in 1/Q2 corrections going beyond the standard Operator Product Expansion. We review existing data on the power corrections and find that the data favor existence of the novel corrections, at least at the mass scale of (1–2) GeV. We indicate crucial experiments which could further clarify the situation on the phenomenological side.