Characterization of binary Josephson series arrays of different types at BNM-LNE and comparisons with conventional SIS arrays

Three 1-V binary Josephson arrays developed by the NIST, the PTB, and the VTT, and using, respectively, superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS), superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulatorsuperconductor (SINIS), and externally shunted superconductor-insulator-superconductor (es-SIS) Josephson junctions, have been tested at BNM-LNE. The arrays have been found to work properly. Results from direct comparisons with conventional SIS arrays show a good agreement with deviations of less than 0.5 nV at any nominal voltage between 41 mV and 1.3 V.