Multi-nephron and multi-vasa recta models of the inner medullary renal concentrating mechanism

Three multi-nephron vasa recta models of the renal concentrating mechanism are presented. These models are physiologically more realistic than our shunt vasa recta models. It is also shown that by considering the effects of fractional transmural fluxes between tubes and role of the interstitium in the permeability values, these models lead to significant improvements in collecting duct urea and salt concentration ratios.