Enhanced photocurrent and stability of organic solar cells using solution-based NiO interfacial layer

Metal oxide semiconductors are promising interfacial materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their electrical properties and solution processability. In this article, we report the fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) OPV devices incorporating solution-based NiO interfacial layers that show promising enhancements of the device photocurrent and stability. We discuss the impact of parasitic shunt and series resistances on device performance as well as the ambient degradation of these devices, studied with intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). The results showed that charge extraction was predominantly affected by degradation via decrease in carrier mobility and increased trapping/recombination, revealing the physical mechanism behind the degradation observed.