Stratified graphs for imbedding systems Original Research Article

Two imbeddings of a graph G are considered to be adjacent if the second can be obtained from the first by moving one or both ends of a single edge within its or their respective rotations. Thus, a collection of imbeddings S of G, called a ‘system’, may be represented as a ‘stratified graph’, and denoted SG; the focus here is the case in which S is the collection of all orientable imbeddings. The induced subgraph of SG on the set of imbeddings into the surface of genus k is called the ‘kth stratum’, and the cardinality of that set of imbeddings is called the ‘stratum size’; one may observe that the sequence of stratum sizes is precisely the genus distribution for the graph G. It is known that the genus distribution is not a complete invariant, even when the category of graphs is restricted to be simplicial and 3-connected. However, it is proved herein that the link of each point — that is, the subgraph induced by its neighbors — of SG is a complete isomorphism invariant for the category of graphs whose minimum valence is at least three. This supports the plausibility of a probabilistic approach to graph isomorphism testing by sampling higher-order imbedding distribution data. A detailed structural analysis of stratified graphs is presented.