Effects of Attention Focus Guidelines on Acquisition, Retention and Transmitting Steps of Movement form of Soccer Chip Shot in Beginner Children

Attention always has been an interesting subject for psychologists and researchers of motor behavior, given the other hand; it is an essential prerequisite for successful implementation of the exercise. But the effectiveness of focus types (external and internal) in the different individuals is still questionable especially in movement form and quality. The aim of this study compared the effects of guidelines focus on the acquisition, retention and transfer soccer chip shot (quality and form of movement) in children as beginner. Materials and methods: In this semi-empirical study of school children (9-11 years), District 15 of Tehran 45 students were selected as sample. Condition for inclusion was that persons did not know the task (the chip football) and their right foot is dominant foot. Samples randomly were divided into three groups of 15 persons (internal, guidelines, external guidelines and control groups). Participants with non-dominant foot (left foot) from a distance of 2.50 meters to hit the ball (soccer chip shot) so that the ball passes over the obstacle 40 cm and to hit 180 cm diameter circular target. The subjects then participated in the pretest, exercised Chip shot for 3 days. During a practice, internal focus groups were offered the description about their body coordination and external focus groups was to provide clarifications about the impact of their performance on environment. The subjects participated in retention and transfer two days after the last day of training. Two qualified soccer coaches observed the quality of participants’ chip shots through recorded videos. Finally movement form and shots quality was assessed at different stages. The ANOVA tests with repeated measures in the acquisition stage and one-way ANOVA test was used for the retention and transfer stages. All analysis was done by SPSS 16 software in significant level of? ? 0.05. Results: Results showed significant differences (p ? 0.05) between mean in the group stages(acquisition, retention and transfer).So that the internal instruction group obtained the highest mean scores while external instruction and control group in step acquisition, retention and transfer. According to the results that can be said provide instructions related to internal focus to novice children will lead to better performance on the acquisition, retention and transfer stages.