C-Difluoromethylene-containing, C-trifluoromethyl and C-perfluoroalkyl carbohydrates. Synthesis by carbohydrate transformation or building block methods Review Article

The synthetic methods for preparing carbohydrates bearing a C-branched substituent of the type CF2Y, with Y=F, Y=CnF2n+1 or Y=a carbon-attached or heteroatom-attached nonfluorinated residues, are reviewed. Both direct introduction of C-branched fluorinated substituents (direct trifluoromethylation, perfluoroalkylation or difluoromethylenation) and building block methods from fluorinated synthons are considered.