Evolution and future directions of the ad hoc on-demand distance-vector routing protocol

The ad hoc on-demand distance-vector (AODV) routing protocol has been designed for use in ad hoc networks, which are presently receiving wide interest within many diverse research communities. These networks represent a significant departure from traditional wired networks due to the distinguishing characteristics of both the wireless channel and mobile devices. Consequently, AODV incorporates many novel features for handling mobility, reduced capacity links, and the variable, indeterminate nature of the signaling range of wireless media. Since its initial design, AODV has evolved in a number of ways for improved performance, robustness, and better scalability. Nevertheless, we see many opportunities for continued improvement. This paper describes the current state of AODV, including its base functionality as well as optional features that improve performance and add capabilities. We also offer some direction for the continued evolution of AODV by presenting areas that can be targeted for future enhancements. Many of the described current and planned features are a result of AODV’s history and evolution within the Internet engineering task force.